Substitution Reaction in Organic Chemistry

Substitution reaction is a type of chemical reaction in organic chemistry where one functional group or atom is replaced by another functional group or atom. In this reaction, a reactant molecule undergoes a substitution reaction with another molecule, resulting in the replacement of one atom or functional group with another.

In the given options, the only reaction that involves a substitution reaction is option 'C' - Methane to Carbon tetrachloride. Let's understand why this reaction is a substitution reaction.

Explanation of the Substitution Reaction:

1. Methane (CH4): Methane is a hydrocarbon compound containing a single carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is a saturated compound with all carbon-hydrogen bonds.

2. Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4): Carbon tetrachloride is a compound containing a single carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms. It is a halogenated compound.

3. Substitution Reaction: In the given reaction, methane (CH4) undergoes a substitution reaction with chlorine (Cl2) to form carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). One hydrogen atom from methane is replaced by a chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of carbon tetrachloride.

CH4 + 4Cl2 → CCl4 + 4HCl

In this reaction, the chlorine atoms substitute the hydrogen atoms in methane, leading to the formation of carbon tetrachloride.

4. Importance of Substitution Reactions: Substitution reactions have significant importance in organic chemistry as they allow the synthesis of various organic compounds. By replacing different functional groups or atoms, it is possible to modify the properties of organic compounds and obtain desired products with specific characteristics.

Conclusion:

Among the given options, the only reaction undergoing a substitution reaction is option 'C' - Methane to Carbon tetrachloride. In this reaction, one hydrogen atom from methane is replaced by a chlorine atom to form carbon tetrachloride.