Bhabar:
Bhabar is a region in the foothills of the Himalayas that lies at the base of the Siwalik Hills. It is characterized by a narrow belt of gravel and pebbles that forms the boundary between the mountains and the plains. The bhabar region is located in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal in India.
- Location: Bhabar is located at the base of the Siwalik Hills in the foothills of the Himalayas.
- Soil: The soil in the bhabar region is coarse and porous, consisting mainly of gravel, pebbles, and rocks.
- Characteristics: Bhabar is known for its dry and porous soil, lack of vegetation, and high water percolation rates.
- Vegetation: Vegetation in the bhabar region is sparse due to the poor soil quality and high water drainage.

Khadar:
Khadar is the fertile alluvial soil deposited by rivers on the floodplains. It is found on the banks of rivers in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Khadar soil is replenished annually during the monsoon season by fresh deposits of silt carried by rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra.
- Location: Khadar soil is found on the fertile floodplains of rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra in the Indo-Gangetic plains.
- Soil: Khadar soil is rich in nutrients and organic matter, making it highly fertile and suitable for agriculture.
- Characteristics: Khadar soil is characterized by its dark color, fine texture, and high moisture content.
- Vegetation: The khadar region is known for its lush vegetation and abundant agricultural productivity due to the fertility of the soil.
In summary, bhabar is a dry and porous region with poor soil quality, while khadar is a fertile floodplain with rich alluvial soil suitable for agriculture.