James Watt invented the steam engine. He was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who improved upon Thomas Newcomen's steam engine, which was used for pumping water out of mines. Watt's steam engine was more efficient and had many applications, including powering machinery in factories and transportation through steamboats and locomotives.

Watt's Improvements to the Steam Engine:

1. Separate Condenser: Watt's most significant improvement was the addition of a separate condenser, which allowed the engine to operate at a higher efficiency. In Newcomen's engine, steam was condensed in the same cylinder, which required cooling the cylinder after each cycle. Watt's separate condenser allowed the cylinder to stay hot and steam to be reused more efficiently.

2. Double-Acting Piston: Watt also invented the double-acting piston, which allowed steam to push the piston in both directions, doubling the power output of the engine.

3. Rotary Motion: Watt's engine also used a rotary motion, which allowed for more consistent power output and smoother operation.

Impact of Watt's Steam Engine:

Watt's steam engine had a significant impact on the industrial revolution, powering factories and machines and transforming transportation. It made it possible to pump water out of deeper mines, increasing access to minerals and resources. It also allowed for the creation of steam-powered transportation, including steamboats and locomotives, which revolutionized travel and trade.

Conclusion:

James Watt's improvements to the steam engine made it more efficient and versatile, paving the way for the industrial revolution and transforming transportation. His inventions had far-reaching impacts on society and paved the way for modern technology.