Factors Responsible for Sparse Population

Rugged Terrain and Unfavourable Climate
Rugged terrain and unfavourable climate are the main factors responsible for sparse population in certain areas. Let's examine why these factors contribute to low population density.

Rugged Terrain
1. Difficult Accessibility: Areas with rugged terrain often have limited transportation infrastructure, making it challenging for people to travel and transport goods. Steep slopes, cliffs, and mountains hinder the construction of roads and railways, isolating these areas from urban centers.
2. Limited Agricultural Potential: Rugged terrain usually has a scarcity of arable land, limiting agricultural activities. Steep slopes make farming difficult, as it requires terracing or contour farming techniques, which are labor-intensive and expensive. This reduces the economic viability of agriculture as a livelihood option.
3. Reduced Livability: The presence of rugged terrain makes it difficult to build infrastructure like schools, hospitals, and other amenities. Settlements in such areas may lack basic facilities, leading to a lower quality of life.

Unfavourable Climate
1. Extreme Weather Conditions: Unfavourable climates, characterized by extreme temperatures, high humidity, or long periods of intense cold, can make it challenging for human habitation. Harsh weather conditions can impact agriculture, health, and overall well-being, discouraging people from settling in such areas.
2. Limited Natural Resources: Unfavourable climates often result in limited availability of essential natural resources like water, which is crucial for both human consumption and agriculture. This scarcity can further deter people from inhabiting these areas.
3. Increased Vulnerability: Areas with unfavourable climates are more prone to natural disasters like floods, droughts, and storms. These events can cause significant damage to property and infrastructure, pose risks to human lives, and disrupt economic activities. As a result, people may choose to avoid settling in such regions.

Conclusion
Rugged terrain and unfavourable climates contribute to sparse population by making the areas less accessible, limiting agricultural potential, reducing livability, and presenting challenges related to extreme weather conditions and limited natural resources. These factors collectively discourage people from settling in these regions, resulting in low population density.

C is the correct I hope so