Old Concept of Geography:
- Geography was traditionally seen as the study of physical features of the Earth such as mountains, rivers, and climates.
- It focused on describing and mapping the Earth's surface and understanding how these physical features interacted with each other.
- The old concept of geography was more descriptive and static, with an emphasis on memorizing facts and locations.

New Concept of Geography:
- The new concept of geography is more dynamic and interdisciplinary, integrating physical, human, and environmental aspects.
- It involves analyzing spatial patterns, processes, and relationships between humans and the environment.
- Geographers now use advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and remote sensing to study and analyze spatial data.
- The new concept of geography also emphasizes the importance of sustainability, globalization, and human-environment interactions.
- Geographers today focus on complex issues such as climate change, urbanization, and social inequalities, using a holistic approach to study and understand the world.