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5. Which of the following is an element of market structure?
a) Buyers & Sellers
b) A product or service
c) Bargaining for price
d) All of the above?
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5. Which of the following is an element of market structure?a) Buyers ...
Buyers & Sellers:
In a market structure, buyers and sellers are essential elements. Buyers are individuals or organizations looking to purchase goods or services, while sellers are those who offer these goods or services for sale. The interaction between buyers and sellers determines the dynamics of the market, including pricing, competition, and consumer choices.

A Product or Service:
Another crucial element of market structure is the presence of a product or service that is being bought and sold. This can range from physical goods like electronics or clothing to intangible services like consulting or financial advice. The characteristics of the product or service, such as quality, pricing, and availability, play a significant role in shaping the market structure.

Bargaining for Price:
Bargaining for price is a common practice in many market structures. Buyers and sellers often engage in negotiations to determine the price at which a product or service will be exchanged. This bargaining process can be influenced by factors such as supply and demand, competition, and consumer preferences. The outcome of these negotiations can impact the overall market structure and the behavior of market participants.

All of the Above:
All the elements mentioned above - buyers & sellers, a product or service, and bargaining for price - are integral components of market structure. Together, they shape the competitive landscape, pricing dynamics, and overall functioning of a market. Understanding these elements is essential for analyzing market behavior, making informed decisions, and predicting market outcomes.
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Accountability, or the lack of it, in governance generally, and civil services, in particular, is a major factor underlying the deficiencies in governance and public administration. Designing an effective framework for accountability has been a key element of the reform agenda. A fundamental issue is whether civil services should be accountable to the political executive of the day or to society at large. In other words, how should internal and external accountability be reconciled? Internal accountability is sought to be achieved by internal performance monitoring, official supervision by bodies like the —Central-Vigilance Commission-andComptroller and Auditor—General, and judicial review of executive decisions. Articles 311 and 312 of the Indian Constitution provide job security and safeguards to the civil services, especially the All India Services. The framers of the Constitution had envisaged that provision of these safeguards would result in a civil service that is not totally subservient to the political executive but will have the strength to function in larger public interest. The need to balance internal and external accountability is thus built into the Constitution. The issue is where to draw the line. Over the years, the emphasis seems to have tilted in favour of greater internal accountability of the civil services to the political leaders of the day who in turn are expected to be externally accountable to the society at large through the election process. This system for seeking accountability to Society has not worked out, and has led to several adverse consequences for governance.Some special measures can be considered for improving accountability in civil services.Provisions of articles 311 and 312 should be reviewed and laws and regulations framed to ensure external accountability of civil services. The proposed Civil Services Bill seeks to address some of these requirements. The respective roles of professional civil services and the political executive should he defined so that professional managerial functions and management of civil services are depoliticized. For this purpose, effective statutory civil service boards should be created at the centre and in the states. Decentralization and devolution of authority to bring government and decision making closer to the people also helps to enhance accountability.Q. Which one of the following is the essential message implied by this passage?

Accountability, or the lack of it, in governance generally, and civil services, in particular, is a major factor underlying the deficiencies in governance and public administration. Designing an effective framework for accountability has been a key element of the reform agenda. A fundamental issue is whether civil services should be accountable to the political executive of the day or to society at large. In other words, how should internal and external accountability be reconciled? Internal accountability is sought to be achieved by internal performance monitoring, official supervision by bodies like the —Central-Vigilance Commission-andComptroller and Auditor—General, and judicial review of executive decisions. Articles 311 and 312 of the Indian Constitution provide job security and safeguards to the civil services, especially the All India Services. The framers of the Constitution had envisaged that provision of these safeguards would result in a civil service that is not totally subservient to the political executive but will have the strength to function in larger public interest. The need to balance internal and external accountability is thus built into the Constitution. The issue is where to draw the line. Over the years, the emphasis seems to have tilted in favour of greater internal accountability of the civil services to the political leaders of the day who in turn are expected to be externally accountable to the society at large through the election process. This system for seeking accountability to Society has not worked out, and has led to several adverse consequences for governance.Some special measures can be considered for improving accountability in civil services.Provisions of articles 311 and 312 should be reviewed and laws and regulations framed to ensure external accountability of civil services. The proposed Civil Services Bill seeks to address some of these requirements. The respective roles of professional civil services and the political executive should he defined so that professional managerial functions and management of civil services are depoliticized. For this purpose, effective statutory civil service boards should be created at the centre and in the states. Decentralization and devolution of authority to bring government and decision making closer to the people also helps to enhance accountability.Q. According to the passage, which of the following factor/factors led to the adverse consequences for governance/public administration?1. Inability of civil services to strike a balance between internal and external accountabilities2. Lack of sufficient professional training to the officers of All India Services 3. Lack of proper service benefits in civil services4. Lack of Constitutional provisions to define the respective roles of professional civil services vis-a-vis political executive in this context Select the correct answer using the code given below

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5. Which of the following is an element of market structure?a) Buyers & Sellersb) A product or servicec) Bargaining for priced) All of the above?
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5. Which of the following is an element of market structure?a) Buyers & Sellersb) A product or servicec) Bargaining for priced) All of the above? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about 5. Which of the following is an element of market structure?a) Buyers & Sellersb) A product or servicec) Bargaining for priced) All of the above? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for 5. Which of the following is an element of market structure?a) Buyers & Sellersb) A product or servicec) Bargaining for priced) All of the above?.
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