Pollutants produced by the combustion of fuels:
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
- Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
- Particulate Matter (PM)
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Harmful effects:
1. Carbon Monoxide (CO): CO is a colorless, odorless gas that can be lethal at high levels. It reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen, leading to symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and even death.
2. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): NOx contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone, which can cause respiratory issues, aggravate asthma, and reduce lung function. It also forms acid rain, damaging ecosystems and infrastructure.
3. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): SO2 can react in the atmosphere to form fine particles, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause respiratory problems. It also contributes to acid rain, harming aquatic life and vegetation.
4. Particulate Matter (PM): PM consists of tiny particles suspended in the air, which can be inhaled deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream. This can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, as well as exacerbate conditions like asthma and bronchitis.
5. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs can react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level ozone, which is a major component of smog. Ozone can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation, and reduce lung function.
In conclusion, the pollutants produced by the combustion of fuels have a range of harmful effects on human health, the environment, and infrastructure. It is essential to reduce emissions of these pollutants through the use of cleaner technologies, improved fuel efficiency, and stricter regulations to protect public health and the planet.