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What is the primary reason behind the recent draft notification issued by the Union Environment Ministry declaring the Western Ghats as an ecologically sensitive area (ESA)?
  • a)
    To promote tourism in the Western Ghats
  • b)
    To conserve and protect the biodiversity of the Western Ghats
  • c)
    To encourage industrial development in the Western Ghats
  • d)
    To facilitate large-scale agricultural activities in the Western Ghats
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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What is the primary reason behind the recent draft notification issue...
The recent draft notification declaring the Western Ghats as an ecologically sensitive area (ESA) by the Union Environment Ministry aims to conserve and protect the biodiversity of this critical region. The Western Ghats are recognized as one of the 36 biodiversity hotspots in the world, making it essential to safeguard its unique and rich ecosystem from further degradation.
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Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.What is the central theme of this passage?

Passage IIITodays developing economies use much less energy per capita than developed countries such as the United State did at similar incomes, showing the potential for lower-carbon growth. Adaptation and mitigation need to be integrated into a climate-smart development strategy that increases resilience, reduces the threat of further global warming, and improves development outcomes. Adaptation and mitigation measures can advance development, and prosperity can raise incomes and foster better institutions. A healthier population living in better built houses and with access to bank loans and social security is better equipped to deal with a changing climate and its consequences. Advancing robust, resilient development policies that promote adaptation is needed today because changes is the climate, already begun, will increase even in the short term.The spread of economic prosperity has always been intertwined with adaptation to changing ecological conditions. But as growth has altered the environment and as environmental change has accelerated, sustaining growth and adaptability demands greater capacity to understand our environment, generate new adaptive technologies and practices, and diffuse them widely. As economic historians have explained, much of humankinds creative potential has directed at adapting to the changing world. But adaptation cannot cope with all the impacts related to climate change, especially as larger changes unfold in the long term.Countries cannot grow out of harms way fast enough to match the changing climate. And some growth strategies, whether driven by the government or the market, can also add to vulnerability particularly if they over exploit natural resources. Under the Soviet development plan, irrigated cotton cultivation expanded in water-stressed Central Asia and led to the near disappearance of the Aral Sea, threatening the livelihoods of fishermen, herders and farmers. And clearing mangroves- the natural coastal buffers against storm surges to make way for intensive farming or housing development, increases the physical vulnerability of coastal settlements, whether in Guinea or in Louisiana.Q. Consider the following assumptions:1. Sustainable economic growth demands the use of creative potential of man.2. Intensive agriculture can lead to ecological backlash.3. Spread of the economic prosperity can adversely affect the ecology and environment. With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Many farmers use synthetic pesticides to kill infesting insects. The consumption of pesticides in some of the developed countries is touching 3000 grams/hectare. Unfortunately, there are reports that these compounds possess inherent toxicities that endanger the health of the farm operators, consumers and the environment. Synthetic pesticides are generally persistent in environment. Entering in food chain they destroy the microbial diversity and cause ecological imbalance. Their indiscriminate use has resulted in development of resistance among insects to insecticides, upsetting of balance in nature and resurgence of treated populations. Natural pest control using the botanical pesticides is safer to the user and the environment because they break down into harmless compounds within hours or days in the presence of sunlight. Plants with pesticidal properties have been in nature for millions of years without any ill or adverse effects on the ecosystem. They are easily decomposed by many microbes common in most soil. They help in the maintenance of biological diversity, of predators and the reduction of environmental contamination and human health hazards. Botanical pesticides formulated from plants are biodegradable and their use in crop protection is a practical sustainable alternative.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made.1. Synthetic pesticides should never be used in modem agriculture.2. One of the aims of sustainable agriculture is to ensure minimal ecological imbalance.3. Botanical pesticides are more effective as compared to synthetic pesticides.Q.Which of the assumptions given above is/are correct?

Many farmers use synthetic pesticides to kill infesting insects. The consumption of pesticides in some of the developed countries is touching 3000 grams/hectare. Unfortunately, there are reports that these compounds possess inherent toxicities that endanger, the health of the farm operators, consumers and the environment. Synthetic pesticides are generally persistent in environment. Entering in food chain they destroy the microbial diversity and cause ecological imbalance. Their indiscriminate use has resulted in development of resistance among insects to insecticides, upsetting of balance in nature and resurgence of treated populations. Natural pest control using the botanical pesticides is safer to the user and the environment because they break down into harmless compounds within hours or days in the presence of sunlight. Plants with pesticidal properties have been in nature for millions of years without any ill or adverse effects on the ecosystem. They are easily decomposed by many microbes common in most soil. They help in the maintenance of biological diversity, of predators and the reduction of environmental contamination and human health hazards. Botanical pesticides formulated from plants are biodegradable and their use in crop protection is a practical sustainable alternative.Q.Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding bio pesticides?1. They are not hazardous to human health.2. They are persistent in environment.3. They are essential to maintain the biodiversity of any ecosystem.Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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What is the primary reason behind the recent draft notification issued by the Union Environment Ministry declaring the Western Ghats as an ecologically sensitive area (ESA)?a)To promote tourism in the Western Ghatsb)To conserve and protect the biodiversity of the Western Ghatsc)To encourage industrial development in the Western Ghatsd)To facilitate large-scale agricultural activities in the Western GhatsCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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What is the primary reason behind the recent draft notification issued by the Union Environment Ministry declaring the Western Ghats as an ecologically sensitive area (ESA)?a)To promote tourism in the Western Ghatsb)To conserve and protect the biodiversity of the Western Ghatsc)To encourage industrial development in the Western Ghatsd)To facilitate large-scale agricultural activities in the Western GhatsCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about What is the primary reason behind the recent draft notification issued by the Union Environment Ministry declaring the Western Ghats as an ecologically sensitive area (ESA)?a)To promote tourism in the Western Ghatsb)To conserve and protect the biodiversity of the Western Ghatsc)To encourage industrial development in the Western Ghatsd)To facilitate large-scale agricultural activities in the Western GhatsCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for What is the primary reason behind the recent draft notification issued by the Union Environment Ministry declaring the Western Ghats as an ecologically sensitive area (ESA)?a)To promote tourism in the Western Ghatsb)To conserve and protect the biodiversity of the Western Ghatsc)To encourage industrial development in the Western Ghatsd)To facilitate large-scale agricultural activities in the Western GhatsCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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