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9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21?
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9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using ...
Calculating the Minimum Pressure Required for Desalination
To calculate the minimum pressure required for desalination, we can use the osmotic pressure formula:
π = iMRT
Where:
- π is the osmotic pressure
- i is the van't Hoff factor (number of particles into which the solute dissociates)
- M is the molarity of the solution
- R is the ideal gas constant
- T is the temperature in Kelvin
Given that the solution is 1 M NaCl, i = 2 (NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions).
Calculating Osmotic Pressure
Substitute the given values into the formula:
π = 2 * 1 * 8.3 * 300 = 4980 bar
This is the osmotic pressure exerted by the NaCl solution.
Calculating Minimum Pressure Required
The minimum pressure required to desalinate the solution is equal to the osmotic pressure. Therefore, the minimum pressure required on the sea-water side of the membrane is 4980 bar.
Converting Pressure to Bars
Since 1 bar is equal to 105 N/m², we can convert the pressure to bars:
4980 bar / 105 N/m² = 47.4 bar
Therefore, the minimum pressure required on the sea-water side of the membrane is approximately 47.4 bars.
To calculate the minimum pressure required for desalination, we can use the osmotic pressure formula:
π = iMRT
Where:
- π is the osmotic pressure
- i is the van't Hoff factor (number of particles into which the solute dissociates)
- M is the molarity of the solution
- R is the ideal gas constant
- T is the temperature in Kelvin
Given that the solution is 1 M NaCl, i = 2 (NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions).
Calculating Osmotic Pressure
Substitute the given values into the formula:
π = 2 * 1 * 8.3 * 300 = 4980 bar
This is the osmotic pressure exerted by the NaCl solution.
Calculating Minimum Pressure Required
The minimum pressure required to desalinate the solution is equal to the osmotic pressure. Therefore, the minimum pressure required on the sea-water side of the membrane is 4980 bar.
Converting Pressure to Bars
Since 1 bar is equal to 105 N/m², we can convert the pressure to bars:
4980 bar / 105 N/m² = 47.4 bar
Therefore, the minimum pressure required on the sea-water side of the membrane is approximately 47.4 bars.
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9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21?
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9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about 9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for 9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21?.
9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about 9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for 9. Sea water containing 1 M NaCl has to be desalinated at 300 K using a membrane permeable only to water. The minimum pressure (in bars) required on the sea-water side of the membrane is (Round off to one decimal place) R = 8.3J mol-1 K-1, 1bar = 105N / m * 21?.
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