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Projection welding of 3 spots is obtained with a current of 35.000 A for a period of 0.01 sec. If the effective resistance of the joint be taken as 120 micro ohms, and if the joint can be considered as a cylinder of 6mm diameter and 2.5 mm in height, calculate the heat distributed to the surroundings. Take heat required?
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Projection welding of 3 spots is obtained with a current of 35.000 A f...
Calculation of Heat Distributed to the Surroundings
Heat Required for Welding:
- The heat required for welding can be calculated using the formula: Q = I^2 * R * t, where Q is the heat in Joules, I is the current in Amperes, R is the resistance in Ohms, and t is the time in seconds.
Given Values:
- Current (I) = 35,000 A
- Resistance (R) = 120 micro ohms = 120 * 10^-6 Ohms
- Time (t) = 0.01 sec
Calculate Heat:
- Q = (35,000)^2 * 120 * 10^-6 * 0.01
- Q = 147 Joules

Heat Distributed to the Surroundings
Heat Distribution:
- The heat distributed to the surroundings can be calculated by subtracting the heat required for welding from the total heat generated.
Given Values:
- Diameter of Cylinder (d) = 6 mm = 6 * 10^-3 m
- Height of Cylinder (h) = 2.5 mm = 2.5 * 10^-3 m
Surface Area of Cylinder:
- Surface Area (A) = 2πrh + πr^2
- A = 2 * π * 6 * 10^-3 * 2.5 * 10^-3 + π * (6 * 10^-3)^2
- A = 0.000282 m^2
Heat Distributed:
- Heat Distributed = Total Heat Generated - Heat Required for Welding
- Heat Distributed = Q - (Q / A)
- Heat Distributed = 147 - (147 / 0.000282)
- Heat Distributed = 147 - 521,276.6
- Heat Distributed = -521,129.6 Joules
Therefore, the heat distributed to the surroundings during the projection welding process is -521,129.6 Joules.
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Passage IIChemical pesticides lose their role in sustainable agriculture if the pests evolve resistance. The evolution of the pesticide resistance is simply natural selection in action. It is almost certain to occur when vast numbers of a genetically variable population are killed. One or a few individuals may be unusually resistant (perhaps because they possess an enzyme that can detoxify the pesticid e). If the pesticide is applied repeatedly, each successive generation of the pest will contain a larger proportion of resistant individuals. Pests typically have a high intrinsic rate of reproduction, and so a few individuals in one generation may give rise to hundreds or thousands in the next, and resistance spreads very rapidly in a population.This problem was often ignored in the past, even though the first case of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) resistance was reported as early as 1946. There is an exponential increase in the numbers of invertebrates that have evolved resistance and in the number pesticides against which resistance has evolved. Resistance has been recorded in every family of arthropod pests (including dipterans such as mosquitoes and house flies, as well as beetles, moths, wasps, fleas, lice and mites) as well as in weeds and plant pathogens. Take the Alabama leaf worm, a moth pest of cotton, as an example. It has developed resistance in one or more regions of the world to aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, lindane and toxaphene.If chemical pesticides brought nothing but problems, - if their use was intrinsically and acutely unsustainable – then they would already have fallen out of widespread use. This has not happened. Instead, their rate of production has increased rapidly. The ratio of cost to benefit for the individual agricultural producer has remained in favour of pesticide use. In the USA, insecticides have been estimated to benefit the agricultural products to the tune of around $5 for every $1 spent.Moreover, in many poorer countries, the prospect of imminent mass starvation, or of an epidemic disease, are so frightening that the social and health costs of using pesticides have to be ignored. In general the use of pesticides is justified by objective measures such as lives saved, economic efficiency of food production and total food produced. In these very fundamental senses, their use may be described as sustainable. In practice, sustainability depends on continually developing new pesticides that keep at least one step ahead of the pests – pesticides that are less persistent, biodegradable and more accurately targeted at the pests.Q. “The evolution of pesticide resistance is natural selection in action.” What does it actually imply?

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Projection welding of 3 spots is obtained with a current of 35.000 A for a period of 0.01 sec. If the effective resistance of the joint be taken as 120 micro ohms, and if the joint can be considered as a cylinder of 6mm diameter and 2.5 mm in height, calculate the heat distributed to the surroundings. Take heat required?
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Projection welding of 3 spots is obtained with a current of 35.000 A for a period of 0.01 sec. If the effective resistance of the joint be taken as 120 micro ohms, and if the joint can be considered as a cylinder of 6mm diameter and 2.5 mm in height, calculate the heat distributed to the surroundings. Take heat required? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Projection welding of 3 spots is obtained with a current of 35.000 A for a period of 0.01 sec. If the effective resistance of the joint be taken as 120 micro ohms, and if the joint can be considered as a cylinder of 6mm diameter and 2.5 mm in height, calculate the heat distributed to the surroundings. Take heat required? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Projection welding of 3 spots is obtained with a current of 35.000 A for a period of 0.01 sec. If the effective resistance of the joint be taken as 120 micro ohms, and if the joint can be considered as a cylinder of 6mm diameter and 2.5 mm in height, calculate the heat distributed to the surroundings. Take heat required?.
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