Difference between Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Substances
Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances are critical concepts in environmental science, especially concerning waste management and sustainability. Here’s a detailed comparison:

Biodegradable Substances
- Biodegradable substances are materials that can be broken down by natural processes, typically through the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
- **Examples include:**
- Food scraps
- Paper products
- Cotton and wool textiles
- Certain plastics designated as biodegradable
- **Key Characteristics:**
- Decompose naturally within a short period (weeks to months).
- Contribute to nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
- Reduce landfill waste and pollution when properly composted.

Non-Biodegradable Substances
- Non-biodegradable substances are materials that do not decompose naturally or take an extremely long time to break down, often persisting in the environment for decades or even centuries.
- **Examples include:**
- Plastics (like PET and PVC)
- Glass
- Metals (aluminum, steel)
- Styrofoam
- **Key Characteristics:**
- Accumulate in landfills and oceans, causing environmental harm.
- Often leach harmful chemicals into soil and water.
- Require significant energy and resources to recycle or dispose of.

Environmental Impact
- Biodegradable substances are generally considered eco-friendly, supporting sustainable practices.
- Non-biodegradable substances pose serious environmental challenges, contributing to pollution, harming wildlife, and leading to resource depletion.
Understanding these differences helps promote responsible consumption and waste management practices essential for protecting our environment.