Chemical or Hormonal Means of Information Transmission in Animals
Animals utilize chemical or hormonal means of information transmission to communicate various messages within their species. This form of communication is widespread in the animal kingdom and plays a crucial role in behaviors such as mating, territorial defense, and social hierarchies.

Pheromones:
Pheromones are chemical substances released by an animal that can affect the behavior or physiology of other members of the same species. These chemicals are often used in mating rituals to attract potential partners or to signal reproductive readiness.

Alarm Signals:
Some animals release specific chemicals when they are in danger or under threat. These alarm signals can alert other members of the species to potential dangers, allowing them to take appropriate action such as fleeing or hiding.

Territorial Marking:
Many animals use chemical signals to mark their territories and establish dominance within a group. By releasing specific hormones or pheromones, animals can communicate their ownership of a particular area and deter intruders from encroaching on their territory.

Parental Care:
Chemical signals also play a vital role in parental care among animals. For example, mother animals may release pheromones to bond with their offspring or to signal that they are ready to nurse. These chemical messages help to strengthen the parent-offspring bond and ensure the survival of the young.
In conclusion, chemical or hormonal means of information transmission in animals are essential for facilitating various social interactions and behaviors within a species. These signals help animals communicate important messages related to mating, territorial defense, parental care, and survival.