Fundamental Physical Quantities
Fundamental physical quantities are the basic building blocks of physics, representing measurable attributes of the physical universe. The most common fundamental quantities include length, mass, time, electric charge, and temperature.

Length
- Length is a measure of distance.
- In the International System of Units (SI), the meter (m) is the standard unit of length.

C: The Velocity of Light
- The constant \( c \) denotes the speed of light in a vacuum.
- It is approximately \( 3 \times 10^8 \) m/s and serves as a fundamental limit for the speed of information and matter.

Gravitational Constant (g)
- The symbol \( g \) refers to the acceleration due to gravity, approximately \( 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \) at Earth's surface.
- It plays a critical role in gravitational interactions and equations of motion.

Epsilon (ε)
- Epsilon (often denoted as \( \epsilon_0 \)) represents the permittivity of free space.
- It is a measure of how much electric field is 'permitted' to permeate through a medium, crucial in electromagnetism.

Electromagnetic Constant (1/4π e^-2)
- This expression is related to Coulomb's law, where \( e \) is the elementary charge.
- The term \( 1/4\pi e^2 \) describes the force between two point charges in a vacuum, illustrating the strength of electromagnetic interactions.
Understanding these fundamental quantities is essential for grasping the principles of physics and their applications in various fields, including engineering, cosmology, and technology.