Common Diseases Overview
Understanding common diseases is essential for maintaining health and well-being. Below is a detailed examination of several prevalent diseases, their symptoms, causes, and preventive measures.

1. Influenza (Flu)
- Symptoms: Fever, chills, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue.
- Causes: Caused by influenza viruses, spread through respiratory droplets.
- Prevention: Annual vaccination, good hygiene practices, avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

2. Diabetes Mellitus
- Symptoms: Increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme fatigue, blurred vision.
- Causes: Insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production; risk factors include genetics, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.
- Prevention: Healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight.

3. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
- Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but can include headaches, shortness of breath, and nosebleeds in severe cases.
- Causes: Factors include genetics, high salt intake, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.
- Prevention: Regular physical activity, healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, limited alcohol consumption.

4. Asthma
- Symptoms: Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath.
- Causes: Allergens, respiratory infections, pollution, and physical activity.
- Prevention: Avoiding triggers, using inhalers as prescribed, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

5. Tuberculosis (TB)
- Symptoms: Persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever.
- Causes: Bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; spreads through the air.
- Prevention: Vaccination (BCG), maintaining a healthy immune system, early detection and treatment.
By understanding these common diseases, individuals can take proactive steps towards prevention and management, ultimately leading to a healthier community.