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What was the status of France as a state before 1789? which 2 political and constitutional changes came in the wake of the French revolution?
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What was the status of France as a state before 1789? which 2 politica...
France Before 1789
Before the French Revolution in 1789, France was a monarchy under King Louis XVI. The state was characterized by:
  • Absolute Monarchy: The king wielded significant power, ruling without a constitution or parliamentary constraints.
  • Social Stratification: Society was divided into three estates: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the common people (Third Estate), with the latter bearing the tax burden.
  • Financial Crisis: France faced severe economic issues, including debt from wars and extravagant spending, which led to widespread discontent.


Political and Constitutional Changes Post-Revolution
The French Revolution brought about profound political and constitutional changes:
  • Establishment of the National Assembly: In 1789, the Third Estate broke away to form the National Assembly, asserting their right to represent the French people. This was a pivotal move towards a representative government.
  • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Adopted in August 1789, this document established fundamental rights, including liberty, equality, and fraternity, emphasizing individual freedoms and the right to participate in governance.
  • Creation of the Constitution of 1791: This new constitution transformed France into a constitutional monarchy, limiting the powers of the king and establishing a legislative assembly, thus marking a shift from absolute rule to a system of limited governance.


These changes set the stage for modern democratic governance and influenced political thought worldwide.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre- revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make the state's power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.Which of the following statements correctly describes about European conservative ideology?

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre- revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make the state's power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.What did conservatives focus on at the Congress of Vienna? Select the appropriate option.

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre- revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make the state's power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.Identify the purpose to convene the Congress of Vienna in 1815 from the following options.

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre- revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make the state's power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.How did the Congress of Vienna ensure peace in Europe? Select the appropriate option.

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What was the status of France as a state before 1789? which 2 political and constitutional changes came in the wake of the French revolution?
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