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Consider the following pairs:
1. Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 - Labeled several tribes as hereditary criminals.
2. Forest Rights Act, 2006 - Promotes symbiotic relationship between tribals and forests.
3. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 - Mandates special courts for cases involving SCs and STs.
4. Permanent Settlement, 1793 - Encouraged traditional tribal land ownership practices.
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    Only three pairs
  • d)
    All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following pairs:1. Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 - Labeled s...
1. Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 - Correctly matched. This act labeled several tribes as hereditary criminals, leading to continuous surveillance and a stigmatization that lasted long after the law was repealed.
2. Forest Rights Act, 2006 - Incorrectly matched. The Forest Rights Act of 2006 does aim to rectify injustices against forest-dwelling communities, but the specific policy that promotes a symbiotic relationship between tribals and forests is the National Forest Policy of 1952, not the Forest Rights Act.
3. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 - Correctly matched. This act does indeed mandate special courts to expedite cases involving atrocities against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
4. Permanent Settlement, 1793 - Incorrectly matched. The Permanent Settlement was a tax collection policy introduced by the British that actually disrupted traditional land ownership practices and led to exploitation of tribals, rather than encouraging traditional practices.
Thus, pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched, while pairs 2 and 4 are not.
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Despite the best efforts of those responsible for preventing fraud, one inevitable reality remains: “fraud happens.” Because fraud and misconduct can occur at various levels in any organization, it is essential that appropriate preventive and detective techniques are in place. Although fraud prevention and detection are related concepts, they are not the same. While prevention encompasses policies, procedures, training, and communication, detection involves activities and programs designed to identify fraud or misconduct that is occurring or has occurred. Although preventive measures cannot ensure that fraud will not be committed, they are the first line of defence in minimizing fraud risk. One key to prevention is making personnel throughout the organization aware of the fraud risk management program, including the types of fraud and misconduct that may occur. This awareness should enforce the notion that all of the techniques established in the program are real and will be enforced. The ongoing communication efforts could provide information on the potential disciplinary, criminal, and civil actions that the organization could take against the individual. With this in mind, prevention and deterrence are interrelated concepts. If effective preventive controls are in place, working, and well-known to potential fraud perpetrators, they serve as strong deterrents to those who might otherwise be tempted to commit fraud. Fear of getting caught is always a strong deterrent. Effective preventive controls are, therefore, strong deterrence controls.According to the passage, what is the fundamental difference between fraud prevention and fraud detection?

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Consider the following pairs:1. Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 - Labeled several tribes as hereditary criminals.2. Forest Rights Act, 2006 - Promotes symbiotic relationship between tribals and forests.3. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 - Mandates special courts for cases involving SCs and STs.4. Permanent Settlement, 1793 - Encouraged traditional tribal land ownership practices.How many pairs given above are correctly matched?a)Only one pairb)Only two pairsc)Only three pairsd)All four pairsCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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