For DNA fingerprinting special single stranded DNA-probes are made in the laboratory. DNA-probes contain repeated sequences of bases complementary to those on VNTRs. These probes are made radioactive by labeling with radioactive isotopes. This step helps in detecting DNA fingerprints or variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs). 

Process involves analyzing a person's DNA to create a unique profile that can be used to identify individuals. This technique is based on the fact that every person's DNA is unique, except for identical twins who share the same DNA.

Genetic fingerprinting typically involves several steps:

1. Collection of DNA sample: A sample is collected from the individual's body, usually through a cheek swab, blood sample, or hair follicle. The DNA contains specific regions called loci that can be analyzed for genetic fingerprinting.

2. DNA extraction: The collected sample is processed to extract the DNA. This is usually done by breaking open the cells and separating the DNA from other cellular components.

3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): PCR is a technique used to amplify specific regions of the DNA. In genetic fingerprinting, specific loci are targeted for amplification. This is done by using primers, which are short DNA sequences that bind to the target regions.

4. Gel electrophoresis: The amplified DNA fragments are separated based on their size using gel electrophoresis. The DNA is loaded into a gel matrix and an electric current is applied. Smaller fragments move faster through the gel, resulting in distinct bands of DNA.

5. Analysis and interpretation: The DNA bands obtained through gel electrophoresis are visualized using dyes or radioactive labels. The pattern of bands represents the person's genetic profile. This profile can be compared to other profiles to determine relatedness or identify individuals.

Genetic fingerprinting is widely used in forensic science to identify suspects or victims in criminal investigations. It is also used in paternity testing, immigration cases, and genealogical research. The technique has revolutionized the field of genetics and has become an essential tool in various areas of biology and medicine.

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