Introduction
India gained independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. This momentous event marked the end of nearly two centuries of British dominance in the Indian subcontinent.
Colonial Rule
- The British East India Company established its presence in India in the early 17th century.
- By the mid-19th century, the British Crown took direct control following the 1857 revolt, leading to significant political and economic changes.
Freedom Struggle
- Indian National Congress: Founded in 1885, it became the principal platform for the nationalist movement.
- Mahatma Gandhi: Introduced non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, galvanizing mass support.
- Key Movements:
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
- Salt March (1930)
- Quit India Movement (1942)
World War II Impact
- The war strained British resources and led to a weakened hold over India.
- The Indian National Congress and other leaders demanded immediate independence, leading to negotiations.
Negotiations and Transfer of Power
- Post-war, the Labour government in Britain was more sympathetic to Indian aspirations.
- Key figures like Jawaharlal Nehru and Mohammad Ali Jinnah engaged in discussions.
- The Mountbatten Plan proposed partitioning India into two independent nations: India and Pakistan.
Conclusion
On August 15, 1947, India became a sovereign nation, ending centuries of colonial rule. This independence was the result of relentless struggles, sacrifices, and the quest for self-determination by countless individuals and groups throughout India's history.