The tax which was directly paid to the state by the Third Estate was called the Taille.

Explanation:

The Taille was a direct tax that was levied on the Third Estate, which was the common people of France. The tax was introduced by King Philip IV in the 14th century to finance his war efforts. The tax was based on the principle of ability to pay, and hence it was levied on the basis of the income and property of the taxpayers.

The Taille was a major source of revenue for the French monarchy, and it was used to finance various activities of the state, including wars, administration, and infrastructure development. However, the tax was highly unpopular among the common people, as they bore the major burden of the tax, while the nobility and clergy were exempt from it.

The tax was collected by the intendants, who were the representatives of the king in the provinces. The collection of the tax was often accompanied by corruption and oppression, as the intendants had the power to arrest and imprison the taxpayers who failed to pay the tax.

The Taille was abolished during the French Revolution, as part of the reforms aimed at creating a more just and equitable society. The abolition of the tax was a major demand of the Third Estate, and it was seen as a symbol of the end of the ancien régime.

In conclusion, the Taille was a direct tax that was levied on the Third Estate in France. The tax was a major source of revenue for the monarchy, but it was highly unpopular among the common people. The tax was abolished during the French Revolution, as part of the reforms aimed at creating a more just and equitable society.