Sodium is stored under kerosene because of its high chemical reactivity with almost all of other elements (for example oxygen from air which oxidizes it instantly). Kerosene and mineral oil are the only chemicals that make the sodium inert.

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Understanding Sodium Storage
Sodium metal is highly reactive, especially with moisture and air. Therefore, it must be stored under specific conditions to prevent dangerous reactions.
Why Not Benzene?
- Reactivity: Sodium can react with benzene under certain conditions, leading to the formation of sodium benzene or other products, which is not safe.
- Water Content: Benzene might contain trace amounts of water, which can react violently with sodium.
Why Not Alcohol?
- Hydroxyl Group: Alcohols contain hydroxyl (–OH) groups that can react with sodium, resulting in the release of hydrogen gas and possibly a fire or explosion.
- Increased Risk: This reaction is highly exothermic, making alcohol unsuitable for sodium storage.
Why Kerosene is Suitable?
- Non-Reactive: Kerosene is an inert hydrocarbon that does not react with sodium, providing a safe medium for storage.
- Low Water Content: Kerosene has minimal moisture, significantly reducing the risk of reactions.
- Sealing Properties: It prevents sodium from coming into contact with air and moisture, further ensuring its stability.
Why Not Toluene?
- Reactivity: Toluene, like benzene, can also react with sodium, although the reaction is generally less vigorous. However, it is still not recommended for long-term storage.
- Potential Risks: Similar to benzene, toluene may pose risks due to moisture presence.
Conclusion
- Kerosene is the best choice for storing sodium metal because it is non-reactive, has low moisture content, and effectively prevents contact with air. Always ensure safety measures when handling sodium to avoid accidents.