Liberalism. In the twentieth century, a viewpoint or ideology associated with free political institutions and religious toleration, as well as support for a strong role of government in regulating capitalism and constructing the welfare state (see also welfare state).

Liberalism in History
Liberalism is a political and economic philosophy that emerged in the late 17th and 18th centuries, primarily in Europe. It emphasizes individual liberties, equality, and democratic governance.
Key Origins
- Enlightenment Influence: Rooted in Enlightenment ideas, liberalism champions reason, science, and individual rights.
- Political Revolutions: The American and French Revolutions were pivotal moments, promoting the principles of liberty and equality.
Core Principles
- Individual Rights: Advocates for the protection of personal freedoms, such as speech, religion, and property rights.
- Equality Before the Law: Emphasizes that all individuals are equal and should be treated equally by the legal system.
- Limited Government: Argues for a government that serves the people, with powers constrained by law.
Economic Aspects
- Free Market Economy: Supports capitalism and free trade, believing that economic freedom leads to prosperity.
- Private Property: Stresses the importance of property rights as a means to promote individual freedom and economic development.
Impact on Society
- Democratic Governance: Liberalism has played a crucial role in shaping modern democracies, advocating for representative government and civil liberties.
- Social Change: It has been instrumental in movements for civil rights, gender equality, and social justice.
Contemporary Liberalism
- Variations: Today, liberalism manifests in various forms, including classical liberalism, social liberalism, and neoliberalism, each addressing different societal challenges.
- Global Influence: Liberal values continue to influence global politics, promoting human rights and democratic ideals worldwide.