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Which of the following conditions are necessary for total internal reflection to take place at the boundary of two optical media?
I. Light is passing from optically denser medium to optically rarer medium.
II. Light is passing from optically rarer medium to optically denser medium.
III. Angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.
IV. Angle of incidence is less than the critical angle.
  • a)
    I and III only
  • b)
    II and IV only
  • c)
    III and IV only
  • d)
    I and IV only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Which of the following conditions are necessary for total internal ref...
Total internal reflection (TIR) occurs under two necessary conditions:
  1. Light must travel from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer medium (e.g., from water to air, or glass to air). This ensures that light bends away from the normal at the boundary. If light travels from rarer to denser, TIR cannot occur.
  2. Angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle. The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the refracted ray in the rarer medium would travel along the boundary. Only when the incidence is greater than this angle does total reflection occur.
Why the other options are wrong:
  • II: Light from rarer to denser medium cannot undergo TIR.
  • IV: Angle of incidence less than the critical angle results in partial refraction, not total internal reflection.
Answer: I and III only.
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