VAM containsa)Saprophytic fungib)Saprophytic bacteriac)Symbiotic bacteriad)Symbiotic fungiCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Answer

VAM contains symbiotic fungi as VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae) grows luxuriently in less irrigated lands and association of VAM helps in conversion of less productive fields into more productive fields. hope uh got it :-)

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VAM-(vesicular arbuscular mycorhizae) is symbiotic association .u can correlate with term mycorhizae as in majority of mycorizal, association type is symbiotic

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Symbion-VAM Plus is a Vesicular Aurbuscular Mycorhizal preparation contains spores (asexual resting Clamydospores), fragments of mycorhizal fungal filaments and infected roots bits.Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) is formed by the symbiotic association between certain phycomycetous fungi and angiosperm roots. The fungus colonizes the root cortex forming a mycelial network and characteristic vesicles (bladder-like structures) and arbuscules (branched finger-like hyphae)
DEAR I HOPE UUH GET IT

Answer

VAM contains
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) is a type of mycorrhiza, a mutualistic association between plant roots and fungi. VAM specifically refers to the association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota. These fungi form symbiotic relationships with the roots of most land plants, including both angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Symbiotic fungi
The correct answer to the question is option 'D', which states that VAM contains symbiotic fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi establish a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with the plant roots they colonize. This symbiosis is beneficial for both the fungus and the plant.

Symbiotic relationship
The symbiotic relationship between VAM fungi and plants is mutualistic, meaning that both partners benefit from the association. The fungus provides the plant with increased nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus. The hyphae of the fungi penetrate the root cells, forming arbuscules and vesicles, which greatly increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. In return, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis, which serve as a source of energy for the fungal growth and reproduction.

Benefits of VAM
1. Increased nutrient uptake: VAM fungi greatly enhance the plant's ability to absorb essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus, from the soil. This is especially important in nutrient-poor environments.
2. Improved water absorption: The hyphal network of VAM fungi increases the surface area of the plant's root system, allowing for more efficient water absorption.
3. Disease resistance: VAM fungi can improve the plant's resistance to various diseases by enhancing the plant's immune response and inducing the production of defense-related compounds.
4. Environmental stress tolerance: VAM fungi can help plants tolerate environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity by improving nutrient and water uptake and enhancing the plant's physiological responses.

Conclusion
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) contain symbiotic fungi that form mutualistic associations with plant roots. These fungi provide the plant with increased nutrient uptake, improved water absorption, disease resistance, and environmental stress tolerance. The symbiotic relationship between VAM fungi and plants is essential for the health and survival of many plant species.

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