Baking Soda and Acid:
The acid present in baking soda is called citric acid. Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking. It reacts with an acid to produce carbon dioxide gas, which causes dough or batter to rise.

Composition of Baking Soda:
Baking soda is composed of sodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms. The sodium and bicarbonate ions are held together by ionic bonds.

Acid-Base Reaction:
When baking soda comes into contact with an acid, such as citric acid, a chemical reaction occurs. This reaction is known as an acid-base reaction.

Reaction Equation:
The reaction equation for the reaction between baking soda and citric acid can be represented as follows:
NaHCO3 + H3C6H5O7 → Na3C6H5O7 + CO2 + H2O
In this equation, NaHCO3 represents baking soda, and H3C6H5O7 represents citric acid. The reaction produces sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).

Significance of the Reaction:
The release of carbon dioxide gas during the reaction is responsible for the leavening effect in baking. The gas gets trapped in the dough or batter, causing it to expand and create a lighter texture in the final product.

Other Uses of Baking Soda:
Baking soda has various other uses due to its alkaline properties. It can be used as a cleaning agent, deodorizer, and even for personal hygiene purposes.

Conclusion:
Baking soda contains citric acid, and when combined with an acid, it undergoes an acid-base reaction. This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, which acts as a leavening agent in baking. Baking soda's versatility extends beyond baking, as it can be utilized for other purposes due to its alkaline properties.

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