Introduction to the Non-Cooperation Movement
The Non-Cooperation Movement, initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, marked a significant phase in India's struggle for independence. It aimed to resist British rule through non-violent means and garnered widespread participation.
Support for Khilafat
- The Khilafat Movement was launched by Indian Muslims in response to the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.
- Indian Muslims sought to protect the Caliphate, which held religious significance for them.
- Gandhi connected the Indian National Congress with the Khilafat Movement, emphasizing Hindu-Muslim unity against colonial rule.
Support for Swaraj
- Swaraj, or self-rule, was a pivotal demand of the Indian nationalists.
- Gandhi believed that Indians should withdraw their cooperation from the British government to assert their demand for independence.
- The movement aimed to mobilize the masses through boycotts of British goods, institutions, and honors.
Integration of Khilafat and Swaraj
- Gandhi saw the Khilafat issue as an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims under a common cause.
- By combining the demands for Khilafat and Swaraj, he aimed to create a broader front against British imperialism.
- This dual approach led to increased participation from diverse sections of society, enhancing the movement's impact.
Conclusion
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a landmark initiative that successfully intertwined the aspirations of the Khilafat Movement and the quest for Swaraj. By doing so, Gandhi not only strengthened the nationalistic fervor but also fostered communal harmony in the fight against colonialism. Thus, the correct answer is option 'C': Khilafat and Swaraj.