Incorrectness of Jagirs in the 18th Century

Introduction:
Jagirs were a form of land grants given by the Mughal rulers to their nobles. In the 18th century, many changes were made to the system of jagirs in India.

Incorrectness:
The correct option is (a) Their income had increased. This is incorrect as the income of jagirs had actually decreased in the 18th century due to various reasons.

Reasons for Decrease in Income:
1. Centralization of Power: The Mughal Emperors had become more centralized in their approach towards governance and revenue collection. This led to a decrease in the power of jagirdars who were earlier responsible for collecting and remitting taxes from their jagirs.

2. Corruption: Many jagirdars were corrupt and misused their power. They demanded excessive taxes from the peasants and kept a large portion of it for themselves.

3. Decline in Agriculture: The 18th century saw a decline in agriculture due to various reasons such as famines, droughts, wars, and invasions. This resulted in a decrease in the revenue generated from jagirs.

4. Rise of Zamindars: The rise of zamindars who were given the responsibility of revenue collection by the British also contributed to the decline in the income of jagirdars.

Changes in Jagir System:
1. Reduction in Number: The number of jagirs was reduced by the Mughal Emperors in order to increase their control over the revenue collection.

2. Attempts to Make Jagirs Hereditary: In order to maintain their power, some jagirdars tried to make their jagirs hereditary. However, this was not always successful as the Mughal Emperors did not approve of it.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the income of jagirs had actually decreased in the 18th century due to various reasons such as centralization of power, corruption, decline in agriculture, and rise of zamindars. The number of jagirs was reduced and attempts were made to make some jagirs hereditary.