Those neurons which carry the nerve impulses from CNS to the other part of body is called motor neurons. it is always unidirectional.

Motor Neurons

Motor neurons are the neurons that carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord to effectors. Effectors are muscles or glands that respond to nerve impulses by contracting or secreting, respectively. Motor neurons are responsible for transmitting signals that control voluntary and involuntary movements of muscles and regulate bodily functions.

Structure and Function of Motor Neurons:

Motor neurons are a type of efferent neuron, which means they carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) towards the effectors. They are classified as multipolar neurons, meaning they have multiple dendrites and a single axon.

- Dendrites: Motor neurons receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors through their dendrites, which are branched extensions of the cell body. These dendrites collect and transmit information to the cell body for processing.

- Cell Body: The cell body, also known as the soma, contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the neuron's survival and functioning. It integrates incoming signals from the dendrites and generates an action potential if the threshold is reached.

- Axon: The axon is a long, tubular extension of the cell body that carries the nerve impulse away from the cell body towards the target tissues or organs. Axons are covered by a myelin sheath, which is formed by specialized cells called Schwann cells. The myelin sheath acts as an insulating layer, allowing for faster conduction of nerve impulses.

- Axon Terminals: At the end of the axon, there are small branches called axon terminals. These terminals form synaptic connections with the effectors, such as muscle fibers or glandular cells. The synaptic connections are specialized structures called synapses, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit the nerve impulse from the motor neuron to the effector.

Role of Motor Neurons:

Motor neurons play a crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system. They transmit signals from the CNS to effectors, enabling voluntary movements and regulating involuntary processes such as heartbeat, digestion, and glandular secretions. Without motor neurons, the brain's commands would not reach the muscles and glands, leading to the loss of motor control and coordination.

In summary, motor neurons are specialized neurons that carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord to effectors. They are responsible for controlling voluntary and involuntary movements and regulating bodily functions.