Describe the structure and function of nephron?

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Answer

Structure of Nephron

The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons. The structure of the nephron is as follows:

Renal Corpuscle: It consists of the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters the blood. The Bowman's capsule is a cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.

Proximal Tubule: It is the first segment of the renal tubule. It is responsible for reabsorbing most of the filtered water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes back into the bloodstream.

Loop of Henle: It is a U-shaped tube that is responsible for creating a concentration gradient in the renal medulla. This gradient is necessary for the production of concentrated urine.

Distal Tubule: It is the second segment of the renal tubule. It is responsible for fine-tuning the reabsorption of water and electrolytes based on the body's needs.

Collecting Duct: It is a series of tubules that collect urine from several nephrons and transport it to the renal pelvis for excretion.

Function of Nephron

The nephron performs three main functions:

Filtration: The glomerulus filters the blood to remove waste products and excess fluid. The filtrate is collected in the Bowman's capsule.

Reabsorption: The proximal tubule reabsorbs most of the filtered water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes back into the bloodstream. The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the renal medulla, which is necessary for the production of concentrated urine. The distal tubule fine-tunes the reabsorption of water and electrolytes based on the body's needs.

Secretion: The distal tubule and collecting duct secrete waste products, such as urea and creatinine, into the filtrate. These waste products are then excreted from the body in the urine.

Overall, the nephron plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of water, electrolytes, and other substances in the body. It filters the blood to remove waste products and excess fluid, while also reabsorbing important substances back into the bloodstream.

Answer

The nervous system is composed of special cell called nephron or neurons. These cell are capable of sending and receiving electrical impulses which transmit neural signals. The structure of nephron: A nephron is the functional unit of the nervous system. Its function - 1.Nerve signals are received by the dendritic ends of the neuron. Then it passes through the axon and ends up at axon terminals. 2.these signals then pass through the synapse and are picked up by the dendritic ends of the next neuron. 3.Nerve impulses are transferred from one neuron to another in the form of special chemical called neurotransmitters.

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