Cyanobacteria serves as important biofertilizers in the fields ofa)Riceb)Maizec)Wheatd)Sugar caneCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen.....In paddy fields (rice), Cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertiliser

Answer

Cyanobacteria are also called as Blue green algae. They are prokaryotic bacteria. They are nitrogen fixing bacteria. They are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium compounds and making it available to the plants. They are useful bifertilizers in fields of rice for cultivation. They are used either free-living and in symbiotic association.

Thus, the correct answer is Rice, op A.

Answer

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, play an important role as biofertilizers in the fields of rice cultivation. Let's explore why cyanobacteria are crucial for enhancing rice production.

1. Nitrogen fixation:
- Cyanobacteria have the unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be readily used by plants. This process is known as nitrogen fixation.
- Rice plants require a significant amount of nitrogen for their growth and development.
- Cyanobacteria form a mutualistic relationship with the rice plants by colonizing their roots and supplying them with fixed nitrogen.
- This helps in reducing the reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which can be expensive and have negative environmental impacts.

2. Increased nutrient availability:
- Cyanobacteria release various organic acids and enzymes that help in solubilizing and mobilizing nutrients present in the soil, making them more available to the rice plants.
- They also assist in the breakdown of complex organic matter, releasing essential nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium.

3. Alleviation of abiotic stresses:
- Cyanobacteria have the ability to produce growth-promoting substances such as phytohormones and vitamins, which can help in mitigating the adverse effects of abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and high temperatures.
- These substances enhance the plants' resilience and improve their ability to withstand challenging environmental conditions.

4. Disease suppression:
- Cyanobacteria produce bioactive compounds that exhibit antagonistic properties against certain pathogens, including plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
- By colonizing the rice roots, they can help in suppressing the growth and activity of these harmful microorganisms, reducing the risk of diseases in the rice plants.

In conclusion, cyanobacteria serve as important biofertilizers in rice cultivation due to their ability to fix nitrogen, increase nutrient availability, alleviate abiotic stresses, and suppress diseases. By harnessing the beneficial properties of cyanobacteria, farmers can enhance rice production while reducing the dependency on synthetic fertilizers and minimizing environmental impacts.

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