Explain how non cooperation movement different from civil disobedience movement explain with example?

Question

Answer

The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement:

Non-Cooperation Movement:

. The people were asked not to cooperate with the government.

. Foreign goods were boycotted.

. Liquor shops were picketed.

. Foreign cloth burnt in huge.

. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade on foreign goods or finance foreign traders.

. Students left the government owned schools and college.

. Lawyers gave up legal practices.

Civil Disobedience Movement:

. People were asked to break colonial laws.

. The countrymen broke the salt law.

. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari tax.

. Village officials resigned from their jobs.

. Forest people violated forest rules and laws.

Answer

Although both the nationalist movements, the non-cooperation movement and civil disobedience movement, had similar objectives and were launched under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi there were important differences between non-cooperation movement and civil disobedience movement

The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement. The main differences between these two movements are

(i) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1921 by Gandhiji, but the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930.

(ii) The Non-Cooperation Movement started with middle class participation whereas the Civil Disobedience Movement was first supported by the Industrialists like GD Birla, Purshottamdas Thakur.

(iii) Due to Khalifa issues Muslim community participated in Non-Cooperation on large scale. But the growing proximity of the Congress party and Hindu Mahasabha prevented the Muslims to participate in Civil Disobedience Movement.

(iv) The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhiji due to violent incident at Chauri Chaura.

But the Civil Disobedience Movement was withdrawn in 1931, when Gandhi signed ‘Gandhi-Irwin’ pact.

(v) In Non-Cooperation Movement, Women did not participate in large scale. But large scale participation of women is one of the most significant features of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

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Answer

Non-Cooperation Movement:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of India's struggle for independence initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. This movement aimed to unite the Indian masses in a nonviolent protest against British rule and secure their rights and freedom.

Civil Disobedience Movement:
The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched in 1930, was another major campaign led by Mahatma Gandhi. It sought to challenge British authority through nonviolent means and demand the complete independence of India.

Key differences between the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement:

1. Objective:
- The Non-Cooperation Movement aimed to withdraw the cooperation of Indians from the British government, including resigning from government jobs, boycotting British institutions, and refusing to pay taxes.
- The Civil Disobedience Movement aimed to challenge unjust laws and British authority directly through acts of disobedience, including the famous Salt March.

2. Mass participation:
- The Non-Cooperation Movement witnessed massive participation from various sections of Indian society, including students, lawyers, and merchants. It saw widespread boycotts of British goods and institutions.
- The Civil Disobedience Movement saw even broader participation, with people from all walks of life joining the protests and engaging in civil disobedience activities.

3. Methods of protest:
- The Non-Cooperation Movement relied on passive resistance, peaceful protests, and non-cooperation with British authorities.
- The Civil Disobedience Movement took nonviolent protest a step further by encouraging Indians to actively break British laws, such as the Salt Laws and the ban on making salt.

4. Duration and impact:
- The Non-Cooperation Movement lasted from 1920 to 1922 but was abruptly called off after the Chauri Chaura incident, where violence broke out.
- The Civil Disobedience Movement lasted from 1930 to 1934, with multiple waves of protests and acts of civil disobedience. It significantly contributed to the strengthening of the Indian independence movement.

Example:
One notable event during the Non-Cooperation Movement was the Khilafat Movement, which aimed to protect the caliphate and the rights of Muslims worldwide. Indian Muslims, led by Mahatma Gandhi and Maulana Mohammad Ali, boycotted British goods, held protests, and even organized a nonviolent march to restore the caliphate's authority. This movement showcased the unity and strength of the Indian masses in their nonviolent struggle against British rule.

During the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi is an iconic example. In 1930, Gandhi and a group of followers marched over 240 miles to the coastal town of Dandi to produce salt in defiance of the British monopoly. This act of civil disobedience inspired millions of Indians to join the movement and participate in the illegal production and sale of salt. The Salt March became a symbol of resistance and a turning point in India's fight for independence.

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