External Trade of the Sangam People

The external trade of the Sangam people, who were part of the ancient Tamil society in South India, was primarily carried out with the Romans. This trade relationship was significant and had a lasting impact on the economic and cultural development of the region.

Trade with the Romans

1. Historical Context: The trade between the Sangam people and the Romans took place during the period of the Roman Empire, particularly from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. This period coincided with the flourishing of the Sangam literature, which provides valuable insights into the trade activities.

2. Maritime Trade: The Sangam people engaged in maritime trade with the Romans, as South India had access to major ports along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Goods such as spices, pearls, precious stones, textiles, and ivory were exchanged for Roman goods like wine, olive oil, glassware, and luxury items.

3. Poompuhar: Poompuhar, also known as Kaveripattinam, was a major port city of the Sangam period and served as a crucial center for trade with the Romans. It was located near the mouth of the river Kaveri and facilitated the movement of goods between South India and the Roman Empire.

4. Importance of the Trade: The trade with the Romans had a profound impact on the Sangam society. It led to the growth of urban centers, the development of a vibrant maritime culture, and the introduction of new technologies and ideas. The exchange of goods also influenced the local economy and social structure.

5. Evidence from Sangam Literature: The Sangam literature, composed during this period, provides valuable information about the trade relations between the Sangam people and the Romans. Poems and songs mention the arrival of Roman ships, the goods traded, and the cultural interactions between the two civilizations.

6. Decline of Roman Trade: The trade with the Romans gradually declined by the 3rd century CE due to various factors such as political instability in the Roman Empire, changing trade routes, and the rise of other maritime powers in the Indian Ocean region.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the external trade of the Sangam people was primarily conducted with the Romans. This trade relationship played a significant role in shaping the economic, cultural, and social aspects of the Sangam society. The trade route between South India and the Roman Empire facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural influences, leaving a lasting impact on the region.