Organisms capable of maintaining constant body temperature are called homeothermal or endothermic organisms. These organisms can maintain a stable internal body temperature despite changes in the external environment.

Explanation:

Homeothermy is an adaptation that allows an organism to maintain its body temperature within a narrow range, typically between 36-40°C. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as metabolic heat production, insulation, and evaporative cooling. Homeothermic organisms are found in a wide range of taxa, including mammals, birds, and some reptiles.

Importance:

Homeothermy provides several advantages to organisms such as increased activity levels, improved digestive efficiency, and enhanced immune function. Homeothermic organisms can also inhabit a wider range of environments as they are not limited by temperature fluctuations.

Examples:

Examples of homeothermic organisms include humans, dogs, cats, cows, horses, and birds such as eagles and penguins. These organisms are able to regulate their internal body temperature through various physiological mechanisms, such as shivering, sweating, and panting.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, homeothermy is an important adaptation that allows organisms to maintain a stable internal body temperature despite changes in the external environment. This adaptation provides several advantages to organisms and is found in a wide range of taxa.