Water is absorbed by the roots of plants through a process called osmosis. The root system of a plant is responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil, and distributing them throughout the plant. The process of water absorption by the roots is a complex one that involves several structures and mechanisms. Let us discuss them in detail.

Root Hairs:
Root hairs are elongated, thin-walled cells that are found on the surface of the root. They are responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil. Root hairs greatly increase the surface area of the root, allowing for more efficient absorption of water and nutrients. They are constantly being replaced as they are sloughed off, and new ones are produced.

Root Cap:
The root cap is a structure located at the tip of the root. It is a protective layer that covers the delicate meristem cells at the apex of the root. The root cap releases a slimy substance that helps lubricate the soil around the root, making it easier for the root to penetrate the soil. The root cap also senses gravity and directs the root downward into the soil.

Root:
The root itself is an important structure for water absorption. The innermost layer of cells in the root, called the endodermis, is responsible for controlling the movement of water and nutrients into the plant. The endodermis acts as a barrier, allowing only certain molecules to pass through. This is important for preventing harmful substances from entering the plant.

Root Apex:
The root apex is the growing tip of the root. It is the site of cell division and growth in the root. As the root grows, it pushes through the soil, absorbing water and nutrients along the way. The root apex is constantly producing new cells, which eventually differentiate into the various types of cells that make up the root.

In conclusion, water is absorbed by the root hairs, root cap, root, and root apex of plants. Each of these structures plays an important role in the process of water absorption, allowing plants to grow and thrive in a variety of environments.