Let's discuss Chapter Notes - Kings, Farmers and Town, Class 12, History Share your opinion, doubts and problems about this document.

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Chapter Notes - Kings, Farmers and Town, Class 12, History

Introduction

Chapter covers the emergence of towns and cities in the Indian subcontinent

Looks at the role of kings, farmers and merchants in the growth of these towns

Kings and Towns

Kings played a crucial role in the growth of towns and cities

They established new towns and provided patronage to existing ones

Trade and commerce flourished under their rule

They also built public infrastructure like roads, tanks and temples

Farmers and Towns

Farmers played an important role in the growth of towns

They supplied food to the growing urban population

They also traded their surplus produce in the markets of the towns

Many farmers also migrated to towns in search of work

Merchants and Towns

Merchants were crucial to the growth of towns and cities

They established and managed markets, and facilitated trade and commerce

They also financed the building of public infrastructure like temples and tanks

Many merchants became very wealthy and wielded significant power in society

Towns and Social Hierarchies

Towns were centres of social and economic activity, but they were also sites of social hierarchies

The urban elite, consisting of merchants, landlords and officials, wielded significant power

Artisans and labourers were at the bottom of the social hierarchy

Caste and gender hierarchies were also present in urban society

Conclusion

The growth of towns and cities in the Indian subcontinent was shaped by the actions of kings, farmers and merchants

These towns were centres of social and economic activity, but they were also sites of social hierarchies

The legacy of these social hierarchies continues to shape urban life in the present day

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