Interferons are formed in eukaryotic cells due to virus infection. Interferons are proteins that are produced and released by cells in response to the presence of viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. They play an important role in the immune response to viral infections.

How are interferons formed?

Interferon production is triggered when a cell is infected by a virus. The infected cell releases interferons, which signal neighboring cells to prepare for a viral attack.

Types of interferons

There are three types of interferons: alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha and beta interferons are produced by most cells in the body, while gamma interferons are produced by immune cells.

Functions of interferons

Interferons have a variety of functions in the immune response to viral infections. They can:

- Inhibit viral replication: Interferons can prevent viruses from multiplying in cells.
- Activate immune cells: Interferons can activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, to attack infected cells.
- Induce apoptosis: Interferons can induce infected cells to undergo programmed cell death, which helps prevent the spread of the virus.
- Increase antigen presentation: Interferons can increase the presentation of viral antigens to immune cells, which helps activate an immune response.

Conclusion

In conclusion, interferons are resistant proteins that are formed in eukaryotic cells in response to virus infection. They play an important role in the immune response to viral infections by inhibiting viral replication, activating immune cells, inducing apoptosis, and increasing antigen presentation.

Interferon act as cell medeated immunity when one pathogen attacks the immune system it get treated and it get set as memory and when the same pathogen attacks again interferon act against it..