electric charge is the potential. electric current is the flow of unit charge within unit time.

Electric Charge:

Electric charge refers to a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience an electromagnetic force when in the presence of other electrically charged particles. It is the property responsible for generating electric fields and is measured in units called coulombs (C). Electric charge exists in two forms:

1. Positive charge: This type of charge is present in protons, which are particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Protons carry a charge of +1.

2. Negative charge: This type of charge is found in electrons, which orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons carry a charge of -1.

Electric Current:

Electric current, on the other hand, refers to the flow of electric charge in a conductor. It is the rate at which electric charge passes through a given point in a circuit and is measured in units called amperes (A). Electric current can flow in two ways:

1. Direct Current (DC): In direct current, the flow of electric charge is constant and flows in a single direction. Batteries and solar cells are examples of devices that provide direct current.

2. Alternating Current (AC): In alternating current, the flow of electric charge periodically changes direction. AC is the type of current supplied by power plants and is used in most electrical appliances and devices.

Differences:

The main differences between electric charge and electric current are as follows:

1. Nature: Electric charge is a property possessed by particles, whereas electric current is the movement of these charged particles.

2. Definition: Electric charge refers to the presence of positive or negative charges on particles, while electric current refers to the flow of electric charge.

3. Unit of Measurement: Electric charge is measured in coulombs (C), while electric current is measured in amperes (A).

4. Stability: Electric charge can be stationary or at rest, whereas electric current requires the movement of charged particles.

5. Representation: Electric charge is represented by the symbol "Q," while electric current is represented by the symbol "I."

6. Effect: Electric charge generates electric fields, while electric current produces magnetic fields.

7. Applications: Electric charge plays a role in various phenomena, such as electrostatics and the behavior of atoms, while electric current is essential for the functioning of electrical circuits and the operation of electronic devices.

In summary, electric charge refers to the property of particles, while electric current is the flow of this charge. While electric charge generates electric fields, electric current allows for the operation of electrical circuits and devices.