First the soil is acidic because fertilizers contain acidic substances and when calcium carbonate is added then the nature of soil is basic.He does so as to neutralize the acidic nature of soil.

Nature of Soil

Soil is a complex mixture of organic matter, minerals, water, and air that supports the growth of plants. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem as it provides nutrients, water, and anchorage for plants, and serves as a habitat for various organisms. The nature of soil can vary depending on its composition, texture, structure, pH level, and nutrient content.

Why does a farmer treat the soil with quick lime?

Farmers often treat the soil with quick lime or calcium carbonate to improve its quality and fertility. This practice is known as liming, and it has several benefits for agricultural purposes.

Here are the reasons why a farmer treats the soil with quick lime:

1. Adjusting pH Levels:
- Soil pH is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. Different plants have different pH requirements for optimal growth.
- Quick lime is an alkaline substance that can be used to neutralize acidic soil. It raises the pH level, making the soil less acidic and more neutral.
- By adjusting the pH, the availability of essential nutrients to plants can be improved. Some nutrients become more soluble and accessible to plants at certain pH ranges.

2. Enhancing Nutrient Availability:
- Quick lime reacts with acidic compounds in the soil, such as aluminum and manganese, which are toxic to plants.
- This reaction reduces the toxicity of these compounds and makes essential nutrients, such as phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, more available to plants.
- Adequate nutrient availability is crucial for plant growth and productivity.

3. Improving Soil Structure:
- Acidic soils often have poor structure, which can negatively impact water infiltration, root development, and nutrient uptake.
- Lime helps to improve the soil structure by increasing the aggregation of soil particles, allowing better water movement and root penetration.
- It creates a favorable environment for beneficial microorganisms and earthworms, which contribute to soil health.

4. Preventing Nutrient Imbalances:
- Acidic soils can cause nutrient imbalances by hindering the absorption of certain essential elements.
- Liming the soil helps to prevent nutrient deficiencies and imbalances, ensuring proper plant growth and development.

Conclusion

Treating the soil with quick lime or calcium carbonate is a common practice among farmers to improve soil quality and fertility. It helps to adjust pH levels, enhance nutrient availability, improve soil structure, and prevent nutrient imbalances. By implementing liming practices, farmers can optimize crop production and ensure healthy plant growth.