"The nervous sysem does not control the activities of cardiac muscles ...
Yes, because cardiac muscle is Involentry muscle and this muscle is have specialist by myocardium and myocardium filament they have self control.
"The nervous sysem does not control the activities of cardiac muscles ...
The indirect control of the nervous system on cardiac muscles:
The nervous system plays a critical role in regulating and controlling various bodily functions, including the activities of cardiac muscles. While it is true that the nervous system does not directly control the activities of cardiac muscles, it exerts its influence indirectly through specialized structures and pathways.
1. Autonomic Nervous System:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for regulating involuntary functions of the body, including the cardiac muscle activity. It consists of two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Both divisions work together to maintain a delicate balance and ensure proper functioning of the heart.
2. Sympathetic Nervous System:
The sympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for increasing heart rate and cardiac output during times of stress or in response to a perceived threat. This division releases neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, which bind to beta-adrenergic receptors on the cardiac muscle cells. The activation of these receptors leads to an increase in the rate and force of contraction of the cardiac muscles, thereby increasing heart rate.
3. Parasympathetic Nervous System:
The parasympathetic division of the ANS works in opposition to the sympathetic division. It helps to slow down the heart rate and decrease cardiac output during periods of rest and relaxation. This division releases acetylcholine, which binds to muscarinic receptors on the cardiac muscle cells. The activation of these receptors leads to a decrease in heart rate and a reduction in the force of contraction of the cardiac muscles.
4. Cardiac Conduction System:
Apart from the autonomic nervous system, the nervous system indirectly controls the cardiac muscles through the cardiac conduction system. This system consists of specialized cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses throughout the heart, coordinating its contractions. The impulses originate in the sinoatrial (SA) node, spread through the atria, pass through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and then travel down the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers to reach the ventricles. This coordinated electrical activity ensures efficient and synchronized contraction of the cardiac muscles.
Conclusion:
While the nervous system does not directly control the activities of cardiac muscles, it exerts its influence through the autonomic nervous system and the cardiac conduction system. The autonomic nervous system, through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulates heart rate and cardiac output. The cardiac conduction system ensures the coordinated contraction of the cardiac muscles. Thus, the nervous system indirectly controls the activities of cardiac muscles, allowing for precise control of heart function in various physiological and emotional states.
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