Neo-determinism refers to a perspective within population studies that combines elements of both neo-Malthusianism and environmental determinism. It emphasizes the role of social, economic, and environmental factors in shaping population distribution, density, growth, and composition.

Population Distribution:
- Neo-determinism recognizes that population distribution is influenced by a variety of factors such as physical geography, climate, availability of resources, and technological advancements.
- It emphasizes that populations tend to cluster in areas with favorable environmental conditions, such as fertile lands, access to water sources, and moderate climates.

Population Density:
- Neo-determinism considers population density as a result of the interplay between natural and human factors.
- It recognizes that areas with high population density often have limited resources and may face challenges related to infrastructure, sanitation, and provision of basic services.

Population Growth:
- Neo-determinism acknowledges that population growth is influenced by complex interactions between social, economic, and environmental factors.
- It recognizes that factors such as fertility rates, mortality rates, migration patterns, and socio-economic development contribute to population growth trends.

Population Composition:
- Neo-determinism stresses that population composition is shaped by demographic factors, socio-cultural norms, and economic opportunities.
- It recognizes that factors such as age structure, sex ratio, education levels, and income disparities can significantly impact population composition.

Neo-determinism places greater emphasis on the interplay between social, economic, and environmental factors compared to traditional Malthusian perspectives. It acknowledges that while population dynamics are influenced by biological and reproductive factors, they are also significantly shaped by wider societal and environmental contexts.

Overall, neo-determinism provides a more nuanced understanding of population distribution, density, growth, and composition by considering the complex interactions between natural and human factors. It highlights the importance of considering social, economic, and environmental dynamics in analyzing population patterns and trends.