There are 7 main types of maps that are used for many different purposes.
#Political Maps: Political maps are the maps that you see most of the time. They focus on the boundaries, cities, states, and capitals. However, they show no topographical features.
#Physical Maps: Physical maps show the physical landscape of a place. They show things like mountains, rainforests rivers, and lakes. The elevation may be shown by a change in color. Low elevations are shown in green and high elevations are shown in blue. The contain very few cities, if there are any they are fairly large cities.
#Topographical Maps: Topographical maps are similar to physical maps because they show physical features. However, topographical maps use contour lines instead of colors to show a change in landscape. They are usually spaced out to show changes in elevation and when lines are close together, it means the terrain is steep. Fo low elevations, the contour lines are spread apart. This is especially useful for backpacking and orienteering trips.
#Climate Maps: Climate maps show information about the climate in specific area. They are usually differentiated by temperature or climate (like rainforest, desert, etc.) with different colors.Economic or Resource Maps: Economic or resource maps are used for tracking an economic activity or natural resource in an area though shapes, symbols, or colors.
#Road Maps: Road maps are used to show major and minor highways, roads, airports, city locations, and points of interest like parks. They are helpful in finding ones way around and work even when the satellites don't.
#Thematic Maps: Thematic maps are maps that do not fit into the aforementioned sections because they do not just have natural features such as rivers, cities, political subdivisions, elevation and highways. They use background information to enhance the maps theme. Two maps like this that I have are a hurricane map that you can use to track hurricanes:

There are three types of maps1. Political map. 2. Physical map. 3. Thematic map.