Chapter 5: The Age of Industrialisation - Notes
The Age of Industrialisation marks a significant transformation in the economic, social, and political landscape of the world, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries. This chapter explores the emergence and impact of industrialisation primarily in Europe and its ripple effects globally.
Key Aspects of Industrialisation
- Definition: Industrialisation refers to the process of converting an economy from primarily agrarian to one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.
- Technological Innovations: Inventions like the steam engine and spinning jenny revolutionized production methods, leading to faster and more efficient manufacturing processes.
Impact on Society
- Urbanization: Industrialisation led to mass migrations from rural areas to cities, resulting in urban growth and the development of new social classes.
- Working Conditions: Factories often had poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages, leading to the rise of labor movements advocating for workers' rights.
Economic Changes
- Capitalism: The rise of industrial capitalism changed the economic structure, focusing on profit and market competition.
- Global Trade: Industrialisation led to increased production and consumption, fostering global trade networks and colonial expansion.
Conclusion
The Age of Industrialisation was a pivotal era that reshaped societies, economies, and global relations. Understanding its complexities provides insight into contemporary issues related to industrialization and its ongoing impacts.
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