Vertical division of power sharing refers to the distribution of powers between different levels of government, such as central, state, and local governments. It ensures that power is not concentrated in a single authority but rather shared among various levels to promote decentralization, regional autonomy, and participation of local people in decision-making processes. India, with its federal system of government, provides a suitable example of vertical power sharing.

1. Central Government:
The central government in India is responsible for handling matters of national importance, such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency. It has the power to make laws on subjects listed in the Union List, which includes topics like defense, railways, and atomic energy. The Parliament, consisting of the President and two houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), represents the central government.

2. State Governments:
India has a total of 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own elected government, headed by a Chief Minister, who is responsible for matters concerning the state. The state government has the power to make laws on subjects listed in the State List, including police, health, and agriculture. They also have the authority to make policies and decisions based on the specific needs and demands of their respective states.

3. Local Governments:
In India, local governments play a crucial role in power sharing. They are known as Panchayats (at the village level) and Municipalities (at the urban level). These bodies are responsible for addressing local issues, delivering basic services, and promoting development at the grassroots level. Local governments have the power to make decisions on subjects mentioned in the Concurrent List, which includes areas like education, healthcare, and agriculture.

Example from India:

One significant example of vertical power sharing in India is the implementation of the Panchayati Raj system. This system aims to decentralize power by empowering local self-governance at the village level. The 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 made it mandatory to establish Panchayats in every village in India. It grants them the authority to make decisions on issues like local infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and social welfare.

The Panchayati Raj system ensures the participation of local people in decision-making processes and promotes the principle of subsidiarity, where decisions are taken at the lowest possible level. It allows local communities to address their specific needs and demands, leading to more efficient and effective governance. Moreover, it provides an opportunity for people to actively participate in the democratic process, fostering a sense of ownership and empowerment among citizens.

Overall, vertical power sharing in India through central, state, and local governments ensures a division of powers and responsibilities, promotes decentralization, and strengthens democracy by involving people in decision-making processes at different levels.