The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).

Papillary Muscles

Papillary muscles are small, nipple-like muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They are responsible for anchoring the heart valves known as the atrioventricular valves, namely the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. These muscles play a crucial role in ensuring proper functioning of the heart by preventing the valves from prolapsing or regurgitating.

Anatomy
- Papillary muscles are cone-shaped structures that project from the inner walls of the ventricles.
- They are connected to the chordae tendineae, which are tendon-like cords that attach to the cusps of the heart valves.
- There are typically three papillary muscles in the left ventricle (anterior, posterior, and septal) and two in the right ventricle (anterior and posterior).

Function
- The main function of papillary muscles is to prevent the inversion or prolapse of the heart valves during the contraction of the heart.
- They contract just before the ventricles contract, which helps to tense the chordae tendineae and prevent the valves from bulging back into the atria.
- This mechanism ensures proper closure of the valves and prevents backflow of blood, maintaining efficient blood circulation.

Significance
- Dysfunction or damage to the papillary muscles can lead to mitral valve prolapse or regurgitation, which can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat.
- In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace the affected papillary muscles to restore normal heart function.

In conclusion, papillary muscles are essential components of the heart that play a crucial role in maintaining proper valve function and ensuring efficient blood circulation throughout the body.