Pressure groups and movement groups are both forms of collective action aimed at influencing public policy and advocating for specific interests. While they share common objectives, there are several key differences between the two.

1. Nature and Scope
Pressure groups are usually focused on influencing specific policies or decisions of the government or other powerful institutions. They often represent the interests of a particular section of society, such as trade unions, professional associations, or business organizations. On the other hand, movement groups are broader in nature and aim to bring about social, cultural, or political change on a larger scale. They often address systemic issues and advocate for the rights and welfare of marginalized groups or broader social causes.

2. Structure and Organization
Pressure groups tend to be more formalized and organized, with clear hierarchies and leadership structures. They often have specific membership criteria and employ professional staff to carry out their activities. In contrast, movement groups are often more decentralized and loosely organized, relying on grassroots support and volunteerism. They may have a more participatory decision-making process and rely on collective action and mobilization of supporters.

3. Strategies and Tactics
Pressure groups typically employ various strategies to influence policymakers, such as lobbying, advocacy, litigation, and media campaigns. They often have access to resources and use these tools to exert pressure and negotiate with decision-makers. In contrast, movement groups often rely on mass mobilization, protests, demonstrations, and civil disobedience to raise awareness and create public pressure for change. They may utilize social media and other platforms to amplify their message and engage a wider audience.

4. Time Horizon
Pressure groups tend to have shorter time horizons and focus on specific policy objectives. They engage in targeted advocacy campaigns and often work within the existing system to achieve their goals. Movement groups, on the other hand, often have longer time horizons and aim for more transformative change. They may challenge existing power structures and seek to fundamentally alter social norms and institutions.

In conclusion, pressure groups and movement groups both play important roles in democratic societies. While pressure groups focus on specific policy objectives and employ formal strategies, movement groups work towards broader social change and often rely on mass mobilization. Understanding these differences can help in analyzing and assessing the impact and effectiveness of different forms of collective action.

Pressure group ----
A pressure group is an organized group of people who are trying to persuade a government or other authority to do something, for example to change a law.

Movement group ---
Movement group is an organisation which starts a movement to achieve a specific goal or issue.