The correct answer is option 'B': The process of taking a count of the total number of people in a country refers to Census.

Census is a systematic and official process conducted by the government to gather demographic, social, and economic data about the population of a country. It is essential for governments to have accurate and up-to-date information about their population in order to make informed decisions and policies that benefit the citizens.

Census plays a crucial role in providing valuable data and statistics that help in various aspects of governance, planning, and development. Here's a detailed explanation of why option 'B' is the correct answer:

1. Importance of Census:
- Census provides a comprehensive count of the population, including their age, sex, occupation, education level, income, etc. This data helps in understanding the social and economic characteristics of the population.
- It helps in estimating population growth rates, which is crucial for planning healthcare, education, housing, and other social welfare programs.
- Census data helps in determining the allocation of resources and representation in government. It assists in the delimitation of electoral constituencies, ensuring fair political representation.

2. Process of Census:
- Census is typically conducted at regular intervals, ranging from every 1 to 10 years, depending on the country.
- The process involves collecting data from every household and individual within the country's geographical boundaries.
- Trained enumerators visit each household, distribute census forms, and collect the completed forms.
- The collected information is then compiled, analyzed, and reported in the form of statistical tables and reports.

3. Use of Census Data:
- Census data is used for policy planning and implementation by the government. It helps in identifying areas that require development interventions and allocating resources accordingly.
- Researchers, social scientists, and demographers extensively use census data for academic and analytical purposes.
- Businesses and private organizations also rely on census data to make informed decisions regarding market research, target demographics, and strategic planning.

In conclusion, option 'B' accurately describes Census as the process of taking a count of the total number of people in a country. Census is a vital tool for governments to gather essential data about their population, which is crucial for effective governance, planning, and development.