The matters which are related to whole nation and controlled by central government come under union list. Eg.. defence, transport, etc.

Thank you.. :-)

Union List: Notes of the Chapter - Federalism, Class 10, SST

The Union List is a term related to the governance structure of India. It refers to the list of subjects on which only the central government can make laws. These subjects are of national importance and require uniformity in legislation across all states. The Union List is mentioned in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Key Points:
1. Definition: The Union List consists of subjects such as defense, foreign affairs, atomic energy, banking, currency, and communication. These subjects are exclusively under the jurisdiction of the central government.

2. Central Government Authority: The central government has the sole authority to make laws on the subjects mentioned in the Union List. It can also override any laws made by the state governments on these subjects.

3. Uniformity: The inclusion of subjects in the Union List ensures uniformity in legislation across the country. It prevents any conflict or inconsistency in laws related to these subjects among different states.

4. National Importance: The subjects mentioned in the Union List are of national importance and require a centralized approach for effective governance and decision-making. For example, defense and foreign affairs cannot be left to the discretion of individual states.

5. Balance of Power: The Union List helps in maintaining a balance of power between the central government and the state governments. It ensures that subjects of national significance are under the control of the central government, while other subjects are under the purview of state governments.

6. Amendments: The Union List can be amended through a special majority in the Parliament. Any changes to the subjects mentioned in the Union List require the approval of both houses of Parliament and at least half of the total state legislatures.

7. Cooperative Federalism: The existence of the Union List promotes cooperative federalism, where the central government and state governments work together for the betterment of the country. While the central government has the final authority on Union List subjects, it often consults with state governments and seeks their input before making any major decisions.

The Union List plays a crucial role in ensuring effective governance and coordination between the central government and state governments. It establishes a clear division of powers and responsibilities, allowing for a balanced and cooperative federal structure in India.