Binary fission ("division in half") is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such as bacteria. It occurs in some single-celled Eukaryotes like the Amoeba and the Paramoecium. In binary fission DNA replication and segregation occur simultaneously.

The trophozoites multiply by binary fission and produce cysts and both stages are passed in the feces . Because of the protection conferred by their walls, the cysts can survive days to weeks in the external environment and are responsible for transmission.

Binary Fission in Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan that causes amoebiasis, a disease characterized by severe diarrhea and dysentery. The trophozoite stage is the actively feeding and multiplying form of the parasite. It can undergo various reproductive processes to increase its population, including encystment, sporulation, binary fission, and multiple fission.

Binary fission is the most common and important mode of reproduction in Entamoeba histolytica. It is a form of asexual reproduction in which a single trophozoite divides into two identical daughter cells. The process of binary fission in Entamoeba histolytica can be explained in the following steps:

1. Replication of genetic material: The trophozoite duplicates its genetic material, including the nucleus and other cellular components.

2. Division of nucleus: The duplicated nucleus undergoes mitosis, where the chromosomes align and separate into two daughter nuclei.

3. Cytoplasmic division: The cytoplasm of the trophozoite constricts and divides, separating the two daughter nuclei.

4. Formation of daughter cells: The trophozoite splits into two identical daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and cellular organelles.

5. Maturation of daughter cells: The newly formed daughter cells grow and mature into trophozoites, ready to infect new host tissues or undergo further reproductive processes.

Binary fission is a rapid and efficient method of reproduction for Entamoeba histolytica, allowing the parasite to increase its population quickly within the host. However, it is important to note that binary fission is just one of the reproductive processes utilized by the trophozoite stage. Encystment, sporulation, and multiple fission also play roles in the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica and contribute to its survival and transmission.