Expenditure from the Consolidated Fund which does not require legislat...
The budget shows the estimated receipts and expenditure of the upcoming Financial Year. After the budget is presented to the house (parliament), the government needs its approval to draw even one rupee from the Consolidated Fund of India. This approval comes by voting, which means that the Budget proposals must be passed by the Parliament. However, there are some charges which essentially have to be paid by the Government and for those charges no voting takes place. Thus, the expenditure embodied in the Budget Documents is of two types:
1 The sums required for charged expenditures. These are non-votable.
2 The sums required for other expenditures as mentioned in the Budget Documents. These are votable.
Expenditure from the Consolidated Fund which does not require legislat...
To ascertain quorum in any house of the Parliament, the following factors are taken into consideration:
1. Elected members:
- Elected members refer to the representatives who have been elected by the people in the general elections.
- These members constitute the majority in the Parliament.
- Quorum is usually determined based on the presence of a minimum number of elected members.
2. Nominated members:
- Nominated members are individuals who are appointed or nominated by the President or the Governor.
- They are not directly elected by the people but are chosen based on their expertise or contribution to various fields such as arts, sciences, literature, etc.
- Nominated members play a significant role in the functioning of the Parliament and their presence is considered for determining quorum.
3. Presiding officer:
- The presiding officer refers to the person who holds the position of the Speaker or Chairman in the respective house of the Parliament.
- The Speaker is responsible for maintaining order and decorum during the proceedings of the Lok Sabha (House of the People), while the Chairman performs the same role in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
- The presence of the presiding officer is crucial for the conduct of the house and therefore taken into account for determining quorum.
In summary, the correct answer is option B (1, 2, and 3 only) as all three factors, i.e., elected members, nominated members, and the presiding officer, are considered for ascertaining quorum in any house of the Parliament. It is important to have a minimum number of members present to ensure that decisions are made with the consent of a reasonable representation of the Parliament.