The nucleotide chemical components are:

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. They are composed of three main chemical components:

1. Heterocyclic compounds: The heterocyclic compounds in nucleotides are nitrogenous bases. There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purines and pyrimidines. Purines include adenine (A) and guanine (G), while pyrimidines include cytosine (C), thymine (T) (found only in DNA), and uracil (U) (found only in RNA). These nitrogenous bases are aromatic, planar molecules consisting of carbon and nitrogen atoms in a ring structure. They are responsible for the genetic code and provide the information necessary for protein synthesis.

2. Sugar: The sugar component of nucleotides is a five-carbon sugar called a pentose. In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose, while in RNA, it is ribose. The sugar is attached to the nitrogenous base at the 1' carbon atom and forms a glycosidic bond. The sugar provides the backbone for the nucleotide chain and helps to stabilize the structure of the nucleic acid.

3. Phosphate: The phosphate component of nucleotides is a phosphoryl group (-PO4). It is attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar molecule through a phosphoester bond. Phosphates are negatively charged, and multiple phosphates can be linked together to form a phosphate backbone in nucleic acids. The phosphate groups provide a negative charge to the nucleotide, contributing to the overall negative charge of the DNA or RNA molecule.

Summary:
The correct answer is option A, which states that the nucleotide chemical components are heterocyclic compounds (nitrogenous bases), sugar (pentose), and phosphate. These three components together form the basic structure of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. The heterocyclic compounds (nitrogenous bases) provide the genetic code, the sugar forms the backbone, and the phosphate groups provide a negative charge and link the nucleotides together.