The second member of the ketone series is known as "propanone," which is commonly referred to as "acetone." Acetone is a colorless, volatile liquid with a distinct fruity odor. It is the simplest and smallest ketone, consisting of a three-carbon chain with an oxygen atom double-bonded to the central carbon atom.

Properties of Acetone:
Acetone possesses several unique properties that make it a versatile solvent and a key ingredient in various industrial and household applications. Some of its notable properties include:

1. Physical Properties:
- Molecular Formula: C3H6O
- Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mol
- Boiling Point: 56.5 °C
- Melting Point: -94.7 °C
- Density: 0.79 g/cm³
- Solubility: Miscible with water, alcohol, and many organic solvents

2. Chemical Reactivity:
- Acetone is highly reactive due to the presence of the carbonyl group (C=O) in its structure. It undergoes various chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions.
- It is a common solvent for many organic compounds, including fats, oils, resins, and waxes.
- Acetone can act as a nucleophile, attacking electrophilic centers in reactions.

Uses of Acetone:
Acetone finds extensive applications in different sectors due to its unique properties. Some significant uses of acetone include:

1. Solvent:
- Acetone is widely used as a solvent in the paint, varnish, and adhesive industries.
- It effectively dissolves many organic compounds and is often used for cleaning and degreasing surfaces.

2. Chemical Intermediates:
- Acetone serves as a precursor for the production of various chemicals, such as methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK).
- It is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.

3. Nail Polish Remover:
- Acetone is commonly used as a primary ingredient in nail polish removers due to its ability to dissolve nail polish quickly.

4. Laboratories:
- Acetone is employed in laboratories as a general-purpose solvent for cleaning glassware and equipment.
- It is also used in chromatography and as a reagent in various chemical reactions.

5. Cosmetics and Personal Care:
- Acetone is utilized in the formulation of cosmetics, including facial cleansers, toners, and nail care products.

In conclusion, propanone (acetone) is the second member of the ketone series and possesses various physical and chemical properties. Its wide range of applications in solvents, chemical intermediates, nail polish removers, laboratories, and cosmetics make it an essential compound in numerous industries.

It's butanone